The Prince and the Plunder

A book on how Britain took one boy and piles of treasures from Ethiopia

Category: Biblical books

Gospels will illuminated headings (27)

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What: An 18th Century manuscript of the Gospels, with illuminated headings

Where: The John Rylands Library, 150 Deansgate, Manchester M3 3EH

One of four manuscripts in Manchester University’s library taken from Magdala. A fifth is described a “bought by Lt-Colonel Henslowe from a priest in Addigrat” – a major stop on the force’s route on the campaign. The library has a total of 42 Ethiopian manuscripts, and some of the remainder may also have come from Magdala.

Stefan Strelcyn lists the Gospels as No. 27 in his Catalogue of Ethiopic manuscripts in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, and identifies it as a Magdala manuscript:

A message reading saying “the manuscript belonged to the Church of the Saviour of the World in Magdala, cf f. 12r, upper margin.”

A 17th century manuscript taken to France then New York then sold on

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What: Manuscript, probably 17th century, including discourses from the festivals of the angels Mikael and Rufael, and pictures of the virgin and Angels.

Where: One of five Ethiopian manuscripts in the collection of U.S. bibliographer, bibliophile and librarian Wilberforce Eames (1855-1937). They were put up for sale in 1905.

One of five Ethiopian manuscripts in the in the collection of bibliographer, bibliophile and librarian Wilberforce Eames. The manuscript is identified as from Magdala in Edgar J. Goodspeed’s 1904 paper Ethiopic Manuscripts from the Collection of Wilberforce Eames:

“A paper fly-leaf inside the first cover reports that the manuscript was part of the spoils taken after the overthrow of King Theodore, and was brought from Abyssinia to France by a French soldier who participated in the expedition against him. It doubtless came, like the great collection secured by the British Museum in 1868, from Magdala.”

A footnote gives the full note on the fly-leaf: “Ce manuscrit provient du colonel Gally-Passebosc, tué par les Canaques de la Nouvelle Calédonie, en 1878. Cet officier avait fait partie de l’expédition anglaise contre le roi Théodorus et il s’était emparé, lors de la défaite de ce prince, du tapis sur lequel il faisait ses prières, de son bouclier, et de ce manuscrit.”

[“This manuscript comes from Colonel Gally-Passebosc, killed by the Canaques of New Caledonia, in 1878. This officer had been part of the English expedition against King Theodorus and he had seized, during the defeat of this prince , the carpet on which he prayed, his shield, and this manuscript.”]

The footnote adds: “Other Ethiopic manuscripts secured at the same time were presented by this officer to the Bibliotheque nationale; cf. Zotenberg, Catalogue, No. 70, a manuscript once owned, like this one, by Kidana Maryam … This manuscript is noticed in Maisonneuve’s Oriental Catalogue, 6, No. 6569 (1881), AND 5, No. 6941 (1892).”

Three of the other manuscripts listed in the Wilberforce Eames collection could also have come from Ethiopia. A fifth is marked as from Jerusalem.

All five were put up for auction on Wednesday and Thursday, May 24 and 25 trough The Anderson Auction Company of 5 West 29th Street, New York. Here is the catalogue page. There are no details on who bought it.

A Bible from the mission’s chief medical officer (Or.MS.655)

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What: A Bible written in Ethiopic or Amharic

Where: Edinburgh University Library, 30 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LJ

One of 11 manuscripts in Edinburgh University Library written in Amharic or Ge’ez. Two of them – this Bible and a two-volume collection of the Acts of St George – are positively linked with the battle of Magdala in the catalogue. Two others were “procured – i.e. not necessarily looted – on some of the British mission’s stop-overs on their way there.

The catalogue entry labels this manuscript Or.MS.655 and reads: “[Bible. Psalms.] Ethiopic/Amharic. From King Theodore’s library at Magdala. Presented by Dr Currie, Inspector General of Hospitals and Principal Medical Officer of the Abyssinian Expedition, to Professor Christison, Edinburgh, July 1869, and presented by Christison to the Library, November 27, 1869.”

The two other manuscripts in the library “procured” on the way are Or.MS.656 [Bible. Psalms.] Ethiopic/Amharic and Or.MS.673 Portion of the Gospels (?). Parchment Scroll. Ethiopic/Amharic. 

The arrival of the last two, as well as a copy of the Gospels currently in the National Library of Scotland, is described in Volume 8 (1868-70) of The Proceedings of the Antiquaries of Scotland. This says: “The large book, believed to be the Priest’s Bible, or rather the one belonging to the church, and from which he explained to his people, was procured in a church between Adabagah and Dongalo, about thirty-two or thirty-three miles south of Adigrat. The smaller book and scrolls were mostly procured in the neighbourhood of Senafe, from churches and villages. One of the boos was said to be the Psalms … Presented … by Captain Charles McInroy, Staff Service, Madras.”

A manuscript including the Gospels and calendars (OR 511)

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What: A 17th century Ethiopian manuscript of the four Gospels, including calendars

Where: The British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DB

Ref: OR 511
Digital version – http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Or_511

Provenance:
Stamped inside the cover: “Presented by the Secretary of State for India Aug. 1868”
Listed as part of the “Magdala collection” in William Wright’s Catalogue of the Ethiopic manuscripts in the British Museum acquired since the year 1847

The Gospels with a list of a church’s furniture and books (Or 513)

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What: A 17th century Ethiopian manuscript of the four gospels, including  a list of the furniture and books of the church of S. Michael

Where: The British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DB

Ref: OR 513
Digital version – http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Or_513

Provenance:
Stamped at the front: “Presented by the Secretary of State for India Aug. 1868”
Listed as part of the “Magdala collection” in William Wright’s Catalogue of the Ethiopic manuscripts in the British Museum acquired since the year 1847

The Gospels (OR 514)

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What: A 17th century Ethiopian manuscript of the four gospels including the deeds of the reigns of ‘lyasu II, ‘lyo’as, and Takla Haimanot II.

Where: The British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London NW1 2DB

Ref: OR 514
Digital version – http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Or_514

Provenance:
Stamped at the front: “Presented by the Secretary of State for India Aug. 1868”
Listed as part of the “Magdala collection” in William Wright’s Catalogue of the Ethiopic manuscripts in the British Museum acquired since the year 1847